Overview
Patellar tendinitis, commonly known as jumper’s knee, is an overuse injury affecting the patellar tendon, which connects the kneecap (patella) to the shinbone (tibia). It results from repetitive stress or strain on the tendon, leading to pain and inflammation.
Symptoms
- Pain just below the kneecap
- Swelling and stiffness
- Pain worsens with jumping, running, or kneeling
- Discomfort during or after physical activity
Causes
- Repetitive stress from activities like jumping or running
- Overuse or strain on the patellar tendon
- Poor knee alignment or muscle imbalances
Medical Treatments
Initial Care
- Rest: Avoid activities that aggravate the pain.
- Ice: Apply ice packs to reduce swelling and numb pain.
- Compression: Use an elastic bandage or knee brace to support the knee.
- Elevation: Keep the knee elevated to reduce swelling.
Medication
- NSAIDs: Over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for pain and inflammation.
- Corticosteroid Injections: For severe inflammation, injections may provide temporary
Physiotherapy for Patellar Tendinitis
Physiotherapy plays a crucial role in managing patellar tendinitis, aiming to reduce pain, restore function, and prevent future issues. Key components include:
- Strengthening Exercises: Targeted exercises to strengthen the quadriceps, hamstrings, and calf muscles to provide better support and stability for the knee.
- Stretching and Flexibility Exercises: To improve range of motion and alleviate stiffness around the knee.
- Manual Therapy: Techniques such as massage and joint mobilizations to enhance flexibility and reduce pain.
- Dry Needling and Acupuncture: These techniques are used to alleviate pain and promote healing by targeting trigger points and stimulating the body’s natural healing processes.
- Laser Therapy: Employs low-level lasers to reduce inflammation and pain, promoting tissue repair and accelerating recovery.
- Activity Modification: Guidance on adjusting activities to avoid high-impact movements and reduce stress on the patellar tendon.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
What causes patellar tendinitis?
Patellar tendinitis is caused by repetitive stress on the patellar tendon, often from activities involving frequent jumping, running, or heavy lifting. Poor alignment or muscle imbalances can also contribute.
How is patellar tendinitis diagnosed?
Diagnosis is typically made through a physical examination and patient history. Imaging tests like ultrasound or MRI may be used to assess the extent of tendon damage.
Can patellar tendinitis heal on its own?
Yes, many cases of patellar tendinitis can improve with rest, activity modification, and physiotherapy. Chronic or severe cases may require additional treatments or surgery.
What are the non-surgical treatment options for patellar tendinitis?
Non-surgical treatments include rest, ice, compression, elevation, NSAIDs for pain relief, physiotherapy focusing on strengthening and flexibility, and activity modification.
How long does it take to recover from patellar tendinitis?
Recovery time varies depending on the severity of the condition and adherence to treatment. Mild cases may improve within a few weeks, while more severe cases can take several months.
What happens if patellar tendinitis is not treated?
If left untreated, patellar tendinitis can lead to chronic pain, tendon degeneration, and ongoing discomfort, potentially affecting daily activities and athletic performance.
How can physiotherapy help with patellar tendinitis?
Physiotherapy helps manage pain and swelling, improve knee flexibility, strengthen the muscles around the knee, and guide a safe return to activities while preventing future injuries.
Can I return to sports after patellar tendinitis?
Many individuals can return to sports following proper treatment and rehabilitation. It’s important to follow a structured rehab program and gradually increase activity levels.
What should I avoid during recovery from patellar tendinitis?
Avoid activities that involve jumping, running, or heavy lifting until symptoms improve. Adhere to your physiotherapist’s recommendations for safe exercises and modifications.
When can I return to work after patellar tendinitis?
The timeline for returning to work depends on the nature of your job. Sedentary roles may allow for a quicker return, while physically demanding jobs might require a longer recovery period.
References
1. Theodorou, A., Komnos, G., & Hantes, M. (2023). Patellar tendinopathy: an overview of prevalence, risk factors, screening, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, 143(11), 6695-6705.
2. Charles, R., Fang, L., Zhu, R., & Wang, J. (2023). The effectiveness of shockwave therapy on patellar tendinopathy, Achilles tendinopathy, and plantar fasciitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Immunology, 14, 1193835.
3 Challoumas, D., Pedret, C., Biddle, M., Ng, N. Y. B., Kirwan, P., Cooper, B., … & Millar, N. L. (2021). Management of patellar tendinopathy: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised studies. BMJ open sport & exercise medicine, 7(4), e001110.
4. Muaidi, Q. I. (2020). Rehabilitation of patellar tendinopathy. Journal of musculoskeletal & neuronal interactions, 20(4), 535.
